ENGLISH STONE FORUM

 
  1. STANDARDS AND GUIDANCE FOR BUILDING STONE USE

  2. Guides and advice

  3. Historic England publishes research reports and technical advice notes on selecting and using stone. Publications are available from their bookshop including some free downloads of Acrobat files. 

  4. Stone Federation GB publishes guides to the use of stone and a list of stone publications (Acrobat download - some of the listed publications are out-of-date). 

  5. The Stone Roofing Association publishes guidance on stone roofing including some links to English Heritage publications and advice on making a mineral planning application. 

  6. Building Research Establishment publications are available from their bookshop.

  7. British Geological Survey publications on building stone and minerals planning are linked from here and available from their bookshop.


  8. British Standards

  9. There are four types of standards for building and construction: 

  10. product requirements; 

  11. test methods for products or materials; 

  12. guides for the design of buildings and 

  13. workmanship. 

  14. The latter two are known as codes of practice. Sometimes product requirement standards will include the relevant test methods. In others they are published separately. 

  15. Product standards list the requirements which products or materials must satisfy to be able to claim conformity to a standard and the test methods which must be used to demonstrate this.

  16. Codes of practice are not mandatory. They make recommendations.

  17. Scope The most important part of a standard is the scope. This explains which products or materials fall within the standard and sometimes lists those which do not. This is important because all product standards are written to deal with the performance, life expectancy and modes of failure of the specific material. Hence claims of conformity to a standard for a product which is not in that standard's scope are meaningless. As an example, some artificial roofing 'slates' claim conformity to BSEN12326-1 (or its defunct predecessor BS680) when, because they are made of plastic or concrete, their modes of failure are completely different to real slates and are not tested in the roofing slate standard.
     

  18. Scope of BSEN12326-1 Roofing slates

  19. This Part of EN 12326 specifies requirements for slate and stone products for roofing, cladding and internal wall lining, as defined in subclauses 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3, used for assembly into discontinuous roofing, cladding (except bonded cladding) or internal wall linings. It does not apply to products for roofing, cladding or internal wall lining made from the following :

  20. a) Stone other than those defined in subclause 3.1;

  21. b) Concrete;

  22. c) Polymeric materials;

  23. d) Fibre reinforced cement;

  24. e) Metal;

  25. f) Clay;

  26. It is not applicable to bonded cladding (cladding fixed with adhesives).

  27. British, European and International standards can be purchased from the British Standards Institution and bookshops.


  28. British Standards for stone

  29. BS 8221 – 1:2000, Code of practice for cleaning and surface repair of buildings; Part 1 Cleaning of natural stones, brick and terracotta. BSI, 2000

  30. Rough block

  31. BS EN 1467:2003 Natural stone. Rough blocks. Requirements

  32. BS EN 1468:2003 Natural stone test methods. Rough slabs. Requirements

  33. Masonry, cladding, sills etc

  34. BS EN 771-6:2001 Specification for masonry units. Natural stone masonry units

  35. BS EN 772-11:2000 Methods of test for masonry units. Determination of water absorption of aggregate concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units due to capillary action and the initial rate of water absorption of clay masonry units

  36. BS EN 772-4:1998 - Methods of test for masonry units. Determination of real and bulk density and of total and open porosity for natural stone masonry units

  37. BS EN 772-20:2000 - Methods of test for masonry units. Determination of flatness of faces of masonry units

  38. BS EN 1469:2004 Natural stone products. Slabs for cladding. Requirements

  39. BS 5385-1:2009 - Wall and floor tiling. Design and installation of ceramic, natural stone and mosaic wall tiling in normal internal conditions. Code of practice

  40. BS 5628-1:2005 - Code of practice for the use of masonry. Structural use of unreinforced masonry

  41. BS 5628-3:2005 - Code of practice for the use of masonry. Materials and components, design and workmanship

  42. BS 5642-1:1978 Sills and copings. Specification for window sills of precast concrete, cast stone, clayware, slate and natural stone

  43. BS 5642-2:1983 Sills and copings. Specification for copings of precast concrete, cast stone, clayware, slate and natural stone

  44. BS 8298:1994 Code of practice for design and installation of natural stone cladding and lining

  45. BS EN 1052-4:2000 - Methods of test for masonry. Determination of shear strength including damp proof course

  46. BS EN 1925:1999 - Natural stone test methods. Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarity

  47. BS EN 1926:2006 Natural stone test methods. Determination of uniaxial compressive strength

  48. BS EN 1936:2006 - Natural stone test methods. Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity

  49. BS EN 12057:2004 Natural stone products. Modular tiles. Requirements

  50. BS EN 12059:2008 Natural stone products. Dimensional stone work. Requirements

  51. BS EN 12370:1999 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to salt crystallization

  52. BS EN 12371:2001 Natural stone test methods. Determination of frost resistance

  53. BS EN 12372:2006 Natural stone test methods. Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load

  54. BS EN 12407:2007 Natural stone test methods. Petrographic examination

  55. BS EN 13161:2008 Natural stone test methods. Determination of flexural strength under constant moment

  56. BS EN 13364:2002 Natural stone test methods. Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole

  57. BS EN 13755:2008 Natural stone test methods. Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure

  58. BS EN 13373:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of geometric characteristics on units

  59. BS EN 13919:2002 - Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to ageing by SO2 action in the presence of humidity

  60. BS EN 14066:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock

  61. BS EN 14146:2004 - Natural stone test methods. Determination of the dynamic elastic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency)

  62. BS EN 14147:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist

  63. BSEN 14157 Natural stone test methods. Determination of Abrasion Resistance

  64. BS EN 14158:2004 Natural stone test methods. Determination of rupture energy

  65. BS EN 14205:2003 Natural stone test methods. Determination of Knoop hardness

  66. BS EN 14579:2004 Natural stone test methods. Determination of sound speed propagation

  67. BS EN 14580:2005 Natural stone test methods. Determination of static elastic modulus

  68. BS EN 14581:2004 Natural stone test methods. Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient

  69. BS 8000-3:2001 - Workmanship on building sites. Code of practice for masonry

  70. BS 8000-11.2:1990 - Workmanship on building sites. Code of practice for wall and floor tiling. Natural stone tiles


  71. British Standards for paving, floor tiles, kerbs etc

  72. BS EN 1341. Slabs of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods

  73. BS EN 1342. Setts of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods

  74. BS EN 1343. Kerbs of natural stone for external paving. Requirements and test methods

  75. DD CEN/TS 15209:2008 Tactile paving surface indicators produced from concrete, clay and stone

  76. BS EN 12058:2004 Natural stone products. Slabs for floors and stairs. Requirements

  77. BS 5385-5:2009 Wall and floor tiling. Design and installation of terazzo, natural stone and agglomerated stone tile and slab flooring. Code of practice

  78. BS 7533:1992 - Guide for structural design of pavements constructed with clay or concrete block pavers

  79. BS 7533-4:2006 Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Code of practice for the construction of pavements of precast concrete flags or natural stone slabs

  80. BS 7533-6:1999 Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Code of practice for laying natural stone, precast concrete and clay kerb units

  81. BS 7533-7:2002 + AMD 1 Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Code of practice for the construction of pavements of natural stone setts and cobbles

  82. BS 7533-8:2003 - Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Guide for the structural design of lightly trafficked pavements of precast concrete flags and natural stone flags

  83. BS 7533-9. Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Part 9. Code of practice for the construction of rigid pavements of clay pavers

  84. BS 7533-10 + AMD1. Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Guide for the structural design of trafficked pavements constructed of natural stone setts or concrete paving blocks

  85. BS 7533-11:2003 Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Code of practice for the opening, maintenance and reinstatement of pavements of concrete, clay and natural stone

  86. BS 7533-12:2006 - Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Guide to the structural design of trafficked pavements constructed on a bound base using concrete paving flags and natural stone slabs

  87. BS 7533-13:2009 Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Guide for the design of permeable pavements constructed with concrete paving blocks and flags, natural stone slabs and setts and clay pavers

  88. BS 7533-10:2004 Pavements constructed with clay, natural stone or concrete pavers. Guide for the structural design of trafficked pavements constructed of natural stone setts

  89. BS EN 14231:2003 - Natural stone test methods. Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester


  90. British Standards for roofing

  91. BS EN 12326-1-2014 Slate and stone products for discontinuous roofing and cladding. Product specification

  92. BS EN 12326-2-2011 Slate and stone products for discontinuous roofing and cladding. Methods of test

  93. BS_5534_2014+A1_2015 Code of practice for slating and tiling

  94. BS8000 Part 6:1990 Code of practice for slating and tiling of roofs and cladding

  95. There is a guide to testing stone slates and metamorphic slates on the Stone Roofing Association website.

Welsh Bridge Shrewsbury Grinshill stone